The Hyksos appear in Egyptian history during the Second Intermediate Period.
Africanus [Josephus]
|
Correct?
|
EusebiusArm
|
Identification
| |||
Dynasty1
King |
Reign
yrs |
Reign
yrs |
Reign
yrs |
Dynasty
King |
Ruled BC
|
Dynasty
King [other ID] |
13
|
453
|
453
|
453
|
13
|
2002–1549
|
13th Dynasty
[Theban] |
14
|
184
|
284
|
284AS
|
14
|
2002–1718
|
14th Dynasty
[Minoan] |
A152
|
284
|
184
|
189
|
E172
|
1718–1534
|
["Hyksos"
(Phoenician)] |
Saites [Salatis]
|
19 [13]
| 19 |
19
|
Saites
|
1718–1699
| |
Bnon [Beon]
|
44 [44]
| 40 |
40
|
Bnon
|
1699-1659
| |
Pakhnan [Apachnas]
|
61 [36]
| 31 |
—
|
—
|
1659-1628
| [Khyan] |
Staan [Jonias]
|
50 [50]
| 50 |
—
|
—
|
16285-1578?
| [Sethos] |
Arkhles [Assis]
|
49 [49]
| 30 |
30
|
Arkhles
|
1578?-1548?
| |
Aphobis [Apophis]3
|
61 [61]
| 14 |
14
|
Aphobis
|
1548?–1534
| [Apepi] |
[Khamudi, 3] | [1534-1531] | [Kamose] | ||||
"Thebans" | ||||||
248 | 250 | E152 | 1549–1301 | 18th Dynasty | ||
116 (5 legitimate kings4) | 190 (5 kings) | E162 | 1301–1185 | 19th Dynasty | ||
1286-1219 | Ramses II | |||||
"Other [or Hellenic] Hyksos" | ||||||
A162 | 518 (32 kings) | 518 (29 kings/ 35 rulers) | 1504–986 | [Canaan] | ||
A172 | 151 (43 kings) | 151 (43 kings) | ca 1509–ca 1358 | [Crete] | ||
ca 1358-? | Theseus | |||||
1The commonly used scheme is from Africanus.
2Prefixed lettering has been used to distinguish the dynasties of Africanus from those of Eusebius. 3Josephus has Apophis after Apachnas. 4Ramses I, Seti I, Ramses II, Merneptah, Seti II. 5400 years before 400-year Stela.
ArmArmenian. ASAlternate version from Syncellus. R Reconstructed. Green: Cometary years.
|
Who Were the Hyksos?
Kamose, the brother of Ahmose, tells who the Hyksos were
I sailed north in my might to repel the Asiatics through the command of Amun, exact-of-council, with my brave army before me like a flame of fire and the Medjay archers a-top our fighting-tops on the lookout for the Asiatics in order to destroy their places....
"Bad news is in your town: you are driven back in the presence of your army, and your authority is restricted ...."
I put in at Per-djedken, my heart happy, so that I might let Apopy experience a bad time, that Syrian prince with weak arms, who conceives brave things which never come about for him! ....
"Syrian prince"? The Egyptian word is actually Retenu, and it refers to the entire region from the Orontes River to the Negev
in 1511 BC Chedorlaomer, purportedly of Elamite extraction, began his rule over the Canaanite kingdoms of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar. In 1534 Ahmose had defeated the Hyksos at Avaris in the eastern delta. Sometime around 1531, after a siege that consumed the better part of three years, he defeated the remaining Hyksos forces holed up at Sharuhen and thus left a power-vacuum in southern Canaan, a vacuum that would soon be filled by Chedorlaomer in alliance with Amraphel, Arioch, and Tidal.
hese kings acting under the authority of the Assyrians. Now the Hyksos were early on afraid of Assyrian attack, and were more concerned with them than with any kind of threat the legitimate Egyptian dynasty made both the upper and lower regions pay tribute, and left garrisons in places that were the most proper for them. He chiefly aimed to secure the eastern parts as foreseeing that the Assyrians, who had then the greatest power, would be desirous of that kingdom, and invade them ...
"Rulers of Foreign Lands," the Hyksos, were none other than the rulers of Canaan and Transjordan among whose inhabitants were the very enemies of Chedorlaomer mentioned in Genesis—Bela, Bera, Birsha, Shinab, and Shemeber—as well as the unnamed kings of the Rephaim, Zuzim, Emim, Horites, Amalekites, and Amorites. Yet none of these peoples approached the power of the Hyksos, even assuming their military defeat by the Egyptians of the New Kingdom. This is the whole problem with the identification of the Hyksos as Canaanites and the root of the mystery surrounding their demise. In short, where did they go after their defeat by Ahmose
the Hyksos not only as Shepherds, but as "Phoenicians." This squares with the identification by Kamose of the Hyksos as inhabitants of Retenu.
Abraham entered Egypt sometime during the reign of Thutmosis I.
Sarah the sister of Thutmosis, facilitated her marriage to Abraham
By the time he visited Melchizedek, Abraham was already a prince. Never before had he been addressed as such. His new position had something to do with what happened in Egypt.
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